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formal advocacy

  • 1 defensa

    f.
    1 defense.
    en defensa de in defense of
    la defensa del medio ambiente the protection of the environment
    defensa personal self-defense
    2 defense (sport).
    3 defence, security, defense, guard.
    4 protection, succor, refuge.
    5 defendor, advocate.
    6 shield, guard, protector.
    7 defensive movement, ward.
    8 back, back-line player.
    f. & m.
    defender (sport).
    defensa central central defender, center back
    * * *
    1 defence (US defense)
    1 DEPORTE (jugador) back, defender; (conjunto de jugadores) defence (US defense), defenders plural
    \
    en defensa propia in self-defence (US self-defense)
    en legítima defensa in self-defence (US self-defense)
    * * *
    noun f.
    * * *
    1. SF
    1) (=protección) defence, defense (EEUU)

    (Ministerio de) Defensa — Ministry of Defence, Defense Department (EEUU)

    2) (Jur) (=abogado, argumentación) defence, defense (EEUU)
    3) (Dep)

    la defensa — (=jugadores) the defence, the defense (EEUU)

    4) pl defensas (Med) defences, defenses (EEUU)

    está bajo de defensas — his (body's) defences are low, his resistance is low

    5) pl defensas [de toro] horns; [de elefante, jabalí] tusks
    6) (Náut) fender
    7) Méx bumper, fender (EEUU)
    2.
    SMF (Dep) defender

    defensa escoba, defensa libre — sweeper

    * * *
    1)
    a) ( protección) defense*

    actuó en defensa propia or en legítima defensa — he acted in self-defense

    defensa de algo/alguien — defense* of something/somebody

    b) Defensa femenino the Defense Department (AmE), the Ministry of Defence (BrE)
    2) (Der) defense*

    los testigos de la defensa — the witnesses for the defense, the defense witnesses

    3) defensas femenino plural (Biol, Med) defenses* (pl)
    4) (Náut) fender
    5) (Dep)
    a) ( conjunto) defense*
    b) defensa masculino y femenino ( jugador) defender
    * * *
    = defence [defense, -USA], plea, advocacy, championship, crusade, championing, affirmation, apologia, bulwark.
    Ex. The only defense that Panizzi was able to muster in this case was to cite the authorities instead of the reasons he followed.
    Ex. Enter a brief, plea, or other formal record of one party to a case under the heading for that party.
    Ex. However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.
    Ex. Such championship cannot be lightly set aside, nevertheless it is now quiet certain that 'bibliography', incorrect and unfortunate as it may be, is here to stay and the situation must be accepted.
    Ex. The Thatcher government's crusade for privatisation is also hitting British libraries.
    Ex. Many say the role of consumer advice centres as being simply mediators between the consumer and the retailer/manufacturer; only a few adventurous authorities encouraged the aggressive championing of consumer complaints.
    Ex. This article argues that the OTA report, despite its affirmation of public access to information, is unlikely to cause a redeployment of resources unless librarians argue vociferously that there is a real need for this information.
    Ex. The article ' apologia for alternatives' examines the situation where professional standards may have to give way to commercial interests.
    Ex. Thus our freedom has prompted many to think of libraries as 'a great instrument and bulwark of democracy'.
    ----
    * actitud de defensa = defensiveness.
    * actuar defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.
    * actuar en defensa de la profesión = advocacy.
    * alegar defensa = muster + defense.
    * decir en defensa de = say in + defence of.
    * defensa bioquímica = biodefence [biodefense, -USA].
    * defensa con misiles = missile defence.
    * defensa costera = coastal defence.
    * defensa de intereses = lobbying.
    * defensa de la profesión = advocacy.
    * defensa del consumidor = consumer protection.
    * defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.
    * defensa de tesis = dissertation defence, thesis defence.
    * defensa nacional = national defence.
    * defensa propia = self-defence [self-defense, -USA].
    * defensas marítimas = maritime defences.
    * defensas naturales = natural defences, natural defences.
    * defensa solapada = plug.
    * Departamento de Defensa = Department of Defense.
    * departamento de defensa del consumidor = consumer protection department.
    * el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.
    * en defensa propia = in self-defence.
    * estrategia de defensa = defence strategy.
    * fuerzas de defensa, las = defence forces, the.
    * industria de defensa, la = defence industry, the [defense industry, -USA].
    * mecanismo de defensa = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA].
    * Ministerio de Defensa = Ministry of Defence.
    * ministro de defensa = defence minister.
    * movimiento en defensa de los derechos de la mujer = women's rights movement.
    * movimiento en defensa de los derechos de los animales = animal rights movement.
    * preparar una defensa = mount + defence.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * secretario de defensa = defence minister.
    * sistema de defensa = defence system.
    * Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( protección) defense*

    actuó en defensa propia or en legítima defensa — he acted in self-defense

    defensa de algo/alguien — defense* of something/somebody

    b) Defensa femenino the Defense Department (AmE), the Ministry of Defence (BrE)
    2) (Der) defense*

    los testigos de la defensa — the witnesses for the defense, the defense witnesses

    3) defensas femenino plural (Biol, Med) defenses* (pl)
    4) (Náut) fender
    5) (Dep)
    a) ( conjunto) defense*
    b) defensa masculino y femenino ( jugador) defender
    * * *
    = defence [defense, -USA], plea, advocacy, championship, crusade, championing, affirmation, apologia, bulwark.

    Ex: The only defense that Panizzi was able to muster in this case was to cite the authorities instead of the reasons he followed.

    Ex: Enter a brief, plea, or other formal record of one party to a case under the heading for that party.
    Ex: However, what American libraries mean by advocacy is 'Work to overcome obstacles that the enquirer encounters in trying to secure help from outside resource agencies'.
    Ex: Such championship cannot be lightly set aside, nevertheless it is now quiet certain that 'bibliography', incorrect and unfortunate as it may be, is here to stay and the situation must be accepted.
    Ex: The Thatcher government's crusade for privatisation is also hitting British libraries.
    Ex: Many say the role of consumer advice centres as being simply mediators between the consumer and the retailer/manufacturer; only a few adventurous authorities encouraged the aggressive championing of consumer complaints.
    Ex: This article argues that the OTA report, despite its affirmation of public access to information, is unlikely to cause a redeployment of resources unless librarians argue vociferously that there is a real need for this information.
    Ex: The article ' apologia for alternatives' examines the situation where professional standards may have to give way to commercial interests.
    Ex: Thus our freedom has prompted many to think of libraries as 'a great instrument and bulwark of democracy'.
    * actitud de defensa = defensiveness.
    * actuar defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.
    * actuar en defensa de la profesión = advocacy.
    * alegar defensa = muster + defense.
    * decir en defensa de = say in + defence of.
    * defensa bioquímica = biodefence [biodefense, -USA].
    * defensa con misiles = missile defence.
    * defensa costera = coastal defence.
    * defensa de intereses = lobbying.
    * defensa de la profesión = advocacy.
    * defensa del consumidor = consumer protection.
    * defensa de los intereses de las bibliotecas y bibliotecarios = library advocacy.
    * defensa de tesis = dissertation defence, thesis defence.
    * defensa nacional = national defence.
    * defensa propia = self-defence [self-defense, -USA].
    * defensas marítimas = maritime defences.
    * defensas naturales = natural defences, natural defences.
    * defensa solapada = plug.
    * Departamento de Defensa = Department of Defense.
    * departamento de defensa del consumidor = consumer protection department.
    * el ataque es la mejor defensa = attack is the best form of defence.
    * en defensa propia = in self-defence.
    * estrategia de defensa = defence strategy.
    * fuerzas de defensa, las = defence forces, the.
    * industria de defensa, la = defence industry, the [defense industry, -USA].
    * mecanismo de defensa = defence mechanism [defense mechanism, -USA].
    * Ministerio de Defensa = Ministry of Defence.
    * ministro de defensa = defence minister.
    * movimiento en defensa de los derechos de la mujer = women's rights movement.
    * movimiento en defensa de los derechos de los animales = animal rights movement.
    * preparar una defensa = mount + defence.
    * primera línea de defensa = first line of defence.
    * secretario de defensa = defence minister.
    * sistema de defensa = defence system.
    * Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia = Office of Fair Trade.

    * * *
    A
    1 (protección) defense*
    nadie acudió en su defensa nobody went to his defense, nobody went to defend him
    salió en nuestra defensa he came to our defense
    actuó en defensa propia or en legítima defensa he acted in self-defense*
    defensa DE algo/algn defense* OF sth/sb
    se manifestaron en defensa de sus derechos they demonstrated in defense of their rights
    2
    Defensa feminine the Defense Department ( AmE), the Ministry of Defence ( BrE)
    Compuestos:
    self-defense*
    anti-aircraft defenses* (pl)
    sea defenses* (pl)
    river defenses* (pl)
    B ( Der) defense*
    los testigos de la defensa the witnesses for the defense, the defense witnesses
    C defensas fpl ( Biol, Med) defenses* (pl)
    las defensas biológicas del organismo the organism's biological defenses o biological defense mechanisms
    está bajo de defensas his resistance is low
    D
    1 ( Náut) fender
    2 (Cu, Méx) ( Auto) bumper
    3 ( Chi) ( Const) barrier
    E ( Dep)
    1 (conjunto) defense*
    2
    * * *

     

    defensa sustantivo femenino
    1
    a) ( protección) defense( conjugate defense);


    actuó en defensa propia he acted in self-defense;
    defensa de algo/algn defense( conjugate defense) of sth/sb;
    defensa personal self-defense( conjugate defense)
    b) (Dep) defense( conjugate defense)

    2
    a)

    ◊ Defensa sustantivo femenino

    the Defense Department (AmE), the Ministry of Defence (BrE)
    b)

    ◊ defensas sustantivo femenino plural (Biol, Med) defenses( conjugate defenses) (pl)

    c)

    ◊ defensa sustantivo masculino y femenino ( jugador) defender

    defensa
    I sustantivo femenino
    1 defence, US defense: salió en defensa de su hija, he came out in defence of his daugther
    2 Auto bumper, US fender
    3 Dep (conjunto) defence
    4 Med defensas, defences: la enfermedad le ha dejado sin defensas, the disease affected his immune system
    II m Dep defender, back
    ' defensa' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    caída
    - caído
    - Cesid
    - legítima
    - legítimo
    - llave
    - alegar
    - lateral
    - mecanismo
    English:
    AA
    - back
    - defence
    - defender
    - defense
    - fender
    - for
    - spirited
    - stout
    - behalf
    - defend
    - element
    - guard
    - mace
    - self
    * * *
    ♦ nf
    1. [protección] defence;
    la defensa del medio ambiente the protection of the environment;
    lleva siempre una pistola como defensa she always carries a gun to defend herself;
    en su defensa cabe decir que él ignoraba lo sucedido in his defence, it has to be said that he didn't know what had happened;
    acudir en defensa de algo/alguien to come to the defence of sth/to sb's defence;
    salir en defensa de algo/alguien to come out in defence of sth/sb
    defensa antiaérea anti-aircraft defences;
    la defensa nacional national defence;
    defensa pasiva passive resistance;
    defensa personal self-defence
    2.
    (Ministerio de) Defensa Br ≈ Ministry of Defence, US ≈ Defense Department
    3. [legal] defence;
    basó su defensa en la falta de pruebas he based his defence on the lack of evidence;
    en defensa propia, en legítima defensa in self-defence;
    la defensa [parte en un juicio] the defence;
    la defensa tiene la palabra [en juicio] it is the turn of the defence to speak
    4.
    defensas [sistema inmunitario] defences;
    tiene las defensas muy bajas his body's defences are very low
    5. [jugadores, parte del juego] defence
    defensa al hombre man-to-man defence;
    defensa hombre man-to-man defence;
    defensa en zona [en baloncesto] zone defence
    6. Méx [parachoques] Br bumper, US fender
    7. Aut
    defensa (delantera) [en todoterrenos] bull bars
    ♦ nmf
    [jugador] defender;
    la línea de defensas the back line, the defence
    defensa central [en fútbol] central defender, centre back;
    defensa de cierre [en rugby] fullback;
    Fam defensa escoba [en fútbol] sweeper
    * * *
    I f
    1 JUR, DEP defense, Br
    defence;
    legítima defensa self-defense, Br self-defence;
    salir en defensa de alguien come to s.o.’s defense
    2 L.Am.
    AUTO fender, Br
    mudguard
    3
    :
    defensas pl MED defenses, Br defences
    II m/f DEP defender
    * * *
    : defense
    defensa nmf
    : defender, back (in sports)
    * * *
    1. (en general) defence
    2. (jugador) defender

    Spanish-English dictionary > defensa

  • 2 Gilpin, Thomas

    SUBJECT AREA: Canals
    [br]
    b. 18 March 1728 Chester County, Pennsylvania, USA
    d. 30 April 1778 Winchester, Virginia, USA
    [br]
    American manufacturer.
    [br]
    Thomas Gilpin belonged to a wealthy Quaker family descended from Joseph Gilpin, who had emigrated from England in 1696. He received little formal education and was mainly self-educated in mathematics, surveying and science, in which subjects he was particularly interested. With estates in Delaware and Maryland, he was involved in farming and manufacturing. He moved to Philadelphia in 1769, which further extended his activities. With his fortune he was able to indulge his interest in science, and he was one of the original members of the American Philosophical Society in 1769. He wrote papers on the wheat fly, the seventeen-year locust and the migration of herrings. It was through this Society that he became friendly with Benjamin Franklin, to whom he wrote on 10 October 1769 setting out his proposals for and advocacy of a canal linking the Elk River on Chesapeake Bay with the Delaware River and Bay, thereby cutting off a long haul of several hundred miles for vessels around Cape Charles with a dangerous passage unto the Atlantic Ocean. Gilpin also invented a hydraulic pump that delighted Franklin very much. Gilpin had visited England in 1768 during the formation of his ideas for the Chesapeake \& Delaware Canal, and probably visited the Bridgewater Canal while there. Despite his pressing advocacy the canal had to wait until after his death, but later his son Joshua, a director from 1803 to 1824, saw the canal through many difficulties although he had resigned before the official opening in 1829. At the outbreak of the American War of Independence, in 1777, Gilpin, together with other Quakers, was arrested in Philadelphia owing to suspicions of his loyalty on the grounds that as a Quaker he refused to sign the Oath of Allegiance. He was later exiled to Winchester, Virginia, where he died in April 1778.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    1925, "Memoir of Thomas Gilpin", Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography.
    R.D.Gray, 1967, The National Waterway: A History of the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 1769–1985, Urbana: Illinois University Press.
    JHB

    Biographical history of technology > Gilpin, Thomas

См. также в других словарях:

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